What tests are done to diagnose PCOS?
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries. Diagnosing PCOS involves a combination of clinical evaluations, medical history assessments, and specific tests. In this blog, we will explore the key tests used to diagnose PCOS, shedding light on the diagnostic journey.
Medical History and Physical Examination
The diagnostic process begins with a thorough medical history assessment. Your healthcare provider will inquire about your menstrual cycles, symptoms like acne and excess hair growth, weight changes, and any family history of PCOS. A physical examination may also be conducted to check for signs like acne, hirsutism, and obesity.
Blood Tests
Hormone levels play a significant role in PCOS diagnosis. Blood tests are conducted to measure the levels of hormones such as:
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Testosterone
- Estrogen
- Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH)
- Prolactin
- Thyroid hormones
Elevated levels of LH and testosterone, and a higher LH-to-FSH ratio are common indicators of PCOS.
Ultrasound Imaging
An ultrasound scan of the pelvis helps visualize the ovaries and their size. In PCOS, the ovaries might appear enlarged and have multiple small follicles, giving them a “polycystic” appearance. However, the presence of cysts alone is not sufficient for a diagnosis; other criteria must also be met.
Glucose and Insulin Tests
Since insulin resistance is common in PCOS, glucose tolerance tests or fasting glucose and insulin tests might be recommended. These tests help assess how effectively your body processes sugar and insulin.
Additional Tests
Depending on individual cases, other tests like lipid profiles and adrenal function tests may be conducted to rule out other possible conditions and understand the extent of metabolic disturbances.
The diagnosis of PCOS is not based on a single test but involves a comprehensive approach. A combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests, ultrasound imaging, and hormonal assessments helps healthcare providers accurately diagnose PCOS and tailor treatment plans accordingly. If you suspect you may have PCOS, seeking medical advice and undergoing appropriate tests can pave the way towards effective management and improved well-being.
